While ‘XYZ’ is obviously not going to be the same section, by using the same abbreviation, you can then search ‘XYZ’ after you have completed writing and replace each term with the appropriate number. You must set up the examples you have chosen in a clear and coherent way. You can also write a brief conclusion for linking all results and providing transitions to the dissertation discussion chapter. It is often the case that your analysis holds the most weight in the marking scheme. So you might say something like, “One of the main topics that my participants highlighted was the need for more teachers in elementary schools. Results vs discussion vs conclusion. Secondly, unlike quantitative data, it can often be difficult to represent qualitative data through figures and tables, so condensing the information into a visual representation is simply not possible. Doing this denies the reader of context or purpose of said graph or figure. Like any other chapter in your thesis, an introduction is an essential component of your discussion. Some accomplishments of the hammeri mass of the. Otherwise you would end up just having one really long section. If the dissertation is organised by sections, the discussion chapter(s) could contain the following should do the following: Group your findings into themes; synthesise your findings. 924038244.73 Chalton Street, London NW1 1HY, United Kingdom. what constitutes critical thinking versus what is a simple description. In a pie chart, you might show one section as purple and the other as green. We also assume that you have used some sort of software program to help you with the organisation of your findings. We tell students about critical thinking and the importance of it on a daily basis. Research Paper Discussion Sample Writing A Discussion Section It is important that you embed your quotes/examples within your own thoughts. Dissertation vs thesis: what’s the difference? Some tips for writing the dissertation findings chapter are: You need to present the result in the proper sequence. defined in this dissertation as a career path, where the participant left the STEM workplace for more than 26 weeks and then returned to continue working in a STEM field. Start this chapter by reiterating your problem statement and research questions and concisely summarising your major findings. This brings us to our next student mistake – trying to do too much within one section. Start this chapter by reiterating your research problem and concisely summarizing your major findings. endstream endobj 286 0 obj <. in the appendices). When considering how to present your qualitative data, it may be helpful to begin with the initial outline you have created (and the one described above). The results chapter should objectively report the findings, presenting only brief observations in relation to each question, hypothesis or theme. Be wary, however, of common mistakes students tend to make when including these in their. While this might seem tedious at first, filling in the sections with the appropriate information will mean that you are not writing things over and over again. Comprehensive help for all subjects and levels. 318 0 obj <>stream So by structuring a dissertation that lays out each research question for the marker, you are making their job easier. Similar is the case with writing a professional research paper and thesis for college. You have likely worked with the data for a long time and so it might make sense to you. Refine and improve the final draft of your work. There may be other formats that are better for telling your story. You might be better off structuring your findings chapter in relation to your research questions or your hypotheses. Tell the reader what they need to know and try to organise the information in a way that makes the most sense to you and your project. In shorter dissertations, it might make sense to have both of these comprise one section. By this point, you actually get to write about what you have done, rather than what others have said about your subject area. %PDF-1.5 %���� This was a focal point for 7 of my 12 participants, and examples of their responses included: [insert example] by participant 3 and [insert example] by participant 9. (see Section XYZ for details)”. For example, if you have completed a qualitative research project, you might have identified some key themes within the software program you used to organise your data. Figure 4.1 illustrates how these two types of results are integrated. You need to ensure that you have clearly identified data that relates to your research questions, hypotheses, or themes of your study. You will be required to separately report your study's findings before moving onto the discussion chapter if your dissertation is based on the collection of primary data or experimental work. Thanks to modern technology, making graphs and figures to correspond to your work needn't be a tedious and time-consuming task. But you still have the opportunity to demonstrate how you have met that coveted gap in the research and generally made a useful contribution to knowledge. This assumes, of course, that you have more than one research question or hypothesis. Whether you are writing a PhD, Master’s or Undergraduate level dissertation, the discussion chapter (or section in a shorter dissertation) is going to be one of the most influential. It'll also make sure you do not go wildly off topic. It should give them an understanding of the key insights and findings from the research, without them needing to read the rest of the report – in other words, it … You are leading the reader on a journey, so make sure they stay on the path and arrive at the final destination with you! Firstly, you need to focus on answering your research questions. It will affect the mark that you obtain on your overall dissertation. As a writer, it is important to address both these challenges. Once you have these headings, it might be helpful to go back to your data and highlight specific lines that can/might be used as examples in your writing. If you are submitting an electronic version of this document, you may also consider hyperlinks to take the reader to the different sections. You may choose to write these sections separately, or combine them into a single chapter, depending on your university’s guidelines and your own preferences. At some point, a balance needs to be struck where the reader has the information they require to really understand the point being made within the section. Once you have your examples firmly selected for each subsection, you want to ensure that you are including enough information. It can be up to 40% of the total word count within your dissertation writing.This is a huge chunk of information, so it's essential that it is clearly organised and that the reader knows what is … Finally, create an outline before you begin. Bavdekar, S. B. additional chapters that report research findings (Chapter 4) and conclusions, discussion, and recommendations (Chapter 5). Writing dissertation findings and discussion is one of the most important parts of the paper. With a few clicks and keyboard taps, a beautiful graph, figure or table can appear in your document. On this page we have a range of Dissertation examples in various subject topics from Business, Management and Marketing, to Economics and Finance, Law and History. There are many software programs available and it is important that you have used one that is most relevant to your field of study. The findings can be divided into two groups: qualitative and quantitative results. But remember you can always edit your subheadings retrospectively. Scientific research articles provide a method for scientists to communicate with other scientists about the results of their research. 4.3 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 4.3.1 Demographic Relationships and Study Variables Although it was not part of the purpose of the study, this set of data was intended to describe demographic variables of the sample and to assess for any influence on the research findings. The second to last step in conducting a research study is to interpret the findings in the discussion section draw conclusions and make recommendations. There are four main components that your introduction should include: Reminding the reader of what you set out to do, A brief description of how you intend approaching the write up of the results, Letting the reader know where they can find the research instruments (i.e. Example of how to write a dissertation discussion chapter. Your chapter needs to be long enough to effectively demonstrate how your findings link to previous research. 1. This clearly indicates to the reader how you have addressed your study. Introduction. The other key elements that should be included in the dissertation discussion chapter are : But even if you're new to it, try and get to grips with what critical thinking entails and use it in your work. For the ‘describe’ component, you are not looking to support your work with other research, but rather to present your contribution. So you should spend considerable time ensuring this section is appropriate. Chapter 4 Key Findings and Discussion This chapter presents principal findings from the primary research. The reoccurring focus by participants on the need for more teachers demonstrates [insert critical thought here]. Ideally, you will be able to concisely and effectively link your research to what has been researched previously. And yet, there does seem to be a general confusion about what critical thinking entails, i.e. As you progress within this chapter, everything you write is going to have value and make a contribution to the overall field of knowledge. Presentation of quantitative data can be equally as challenging as the presentation of qualitative data, but for very different reasons. If you are using quantitative data, be careful about how many statistical tests you run. It can also help ensure that the reader actually understands the points you are trying to highlight within your project. The findings chapter is essentially the describe part. But be aware that this can be considerably more work, so you should allow for this in your timescale if it's something you wish to implement. One of the easiest ways to approach this task is to create an outline. Here you will be expected to demonstrate how your research findings answer the research questions established or test the hypothesis stated. The findings chapter is likely to comprise the majority of your paper. If you have not completed this process, you must do so before beginning to write. This had the advantage that when writing the chapter, you are better able to consider the differences with other findings and you have the best knowledge of your own findings. Findings from this study indicate…. If you need help in this area, make sure to seek it out before beginning to put your findings down on paper. You need to highlight the structure of the chapter (as you generally will do with all chapters) and where the reader might find any further information (e.g. Satellite in geosynchronous orbit. They need to fit on one line, ideally, so putting your research question as the subheading might end up being too long. This is so that you can demonstrate to more well-rounded perspective of the points you are trying to make. Your work reviewed by an expert academic. Critical thinking asks you to provide your own opinion on your topic, which can be daunting at first. 06381412. Others may rely on SPSS, Stata, R, or any of the other programs available through your institution or online. Subheadings need to be informative but not too long. As a result, you need to be able to make smart decisions about what to include and what to leave out. This section is all about how you have 1) answered your research questions and 2) positioned yourself within the larger field of research. You are also required to include the limitations of your study and the importance of research findings. With a findings chapter, there should be no suspense for the reader. In many cases, this final copy must be printed in black and white. Opening of Discussion Section • Open the Discussion section with a clear statement of the support or non-support of your original hypotheses respectively the main findings of your research – ^This research sought to explore how the male-only stereotype affects the self-perception and discourse of politically motivated hackers. (2015) Writing the discussion section: Describing the significance of the study findings, Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 63, 11, pp. Looking at pages and pages of text without any breaks can be daunting and overwhelming for a reader. It may be helpful to think of your introduction as the opposite of a good movie. Chapter 4 Findings and Data Analysis 1.1. Those participants with over 30 years of experience represented 30% of the sample size. Aside from determining what to include, the presentation of such data is also essential. Presentation of quantitative data is more than just about numbers and tables. program. The findings were presented and discussed in chapter 4 by making use of frequency tables, bar and pie graphs. But you must be diligent in the work that you cut out. This should be no more than one paragraph. It can be beneficial for the discussion chapter to mirror the structure of the findings chapter (though not always). Instead they might jump from one thought to another and might go off topic here and there. This is a huge chunk of information, so it's essential that it is clearly organised and that the reader knows what is supposed to be happening. Fifty-four and one-half percent of the respondents over the age of sixty-five have So the quotes need to be paired down to incorporate enough information for the reader to be able to understand, while removing the excess. Not only are you using information that you have already documented, you are telling a story in each of your sections (which can be useful in qualitative research). This means that any figures or graphs that you create must be readable in a black and white (or greyscale) format. It should not give an overall answer to the main research question or speculate on … Participants, when speaking in an interview might not do so in a linear way. Conversely, other students sometimes include a graph or figure but nothing else. Therefore as you write out your quantitative findings, take your audience into consideration. You don't want to overwhelm someone who is going to mark your work and who is responsible for your success (or failure). It is always beneficial to have a second set of eyes assess your work for any errors or omissions. Hopefully, you now have some insight into how to prepare your dissertation findings and discussion sections. Tips for Writing Findings of a Dissertation. Whatever program you have used, make sure that you document what you have done and the variables that have affected your analysis. That noted, there are different expectations for an undergraduate dissertation and a PhD thesis, so knowing what these expectations are can be really helpful before you begin. An outline will give you the structure you need, and should make the whole process of presenting your findings easier. By this point, the reader has gone through your findings and is now looking for your interpretation. A good introduction will start by telling the reader where you have come from in the research process and what the outcome was (in a couple of paragraphs or less). CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION Themes that emerged from the ESL students’ focus groups were compared and contrasted to the themes generated from the in-depth individual interviews with the academics. Click below to find out how we can help. The length of the analysis chapter is usually quite long, so a wrap up of the key points at the end can help the reader digest your work. One-to-one help with your entire dissertation. The final mistake we see is the duplication of writing (or absence of writing) when presenting a graph. A total of 102 responses were received from the targeted 180 potential respondents, which constitutes a 56.7% response rate for the survey. If you have conducted things like interviews or observations, you are likely to have transcripts that encompass pages and pages of work. endstream endobj startxref Another common error is overwhelming the reader with graphs and tables. This writing section depends merely on your preferences. In this chapter the results will be analyzed via thematic content analysis within the context of the literature reviewed in chapter two. Many students choose to contact professional editors to help with this as they hold the relevant expertise to guide you on the correct path to creating a perfect discussion section that is ready for submission. Within each of your subsections, you are going to have themes or headings that represent impactful talking points that you want to focus on. This is true for two reasons. Just like with the qualitative data, you must ensure that your data is appropriately organised. It is necessary the organization that allows it to a the speed can exceed the cohesive self gravitational energy goes into a stable environment, are using the resources they need to estimate the average person. Everything you need to know about postgraduate study, Being a university student during COVID-19, How to write an essay on coronavirus (COVID-19), Students and coronavirus: from campus learning to distance learning, contact professional editors to help with this, 10 tips on writing a dissertation literature review, Dissertation introduction, conclusion and abstract. Students who are not confident with statistical analysis often have a tendency to revert back to their secondary school mathematics skills. This should be no more than one paragraph. 0 If you have used multiple different instruments to collect data (e.g. While the majority of the research proposal is written in the present and future tenses, the methodology and findings in the final report or dissertation are written mostly in the past tense. However, depending on how you have organised your work, this might end up in the discussion section. For much of your academic career, you've likely been asked to use research to justify a position that has already been set. Once you have decided how you want to organize the findings, you will start the chapter by reminding your reader of the research questions. This can be challenging because there are only so many distinct shades of grey. The findings generally agree with the existing literature. Ensure that you are demonstrating links between multiple instruments, if you used them. Now, these three outcomes can be important. By embedding your examples in the context, you are essentially highlighting to the reader what you want them to remember. It can be up to 40% of the total word count within your dissertation writing. Subheadings are ultimately going to be your friend throughout your dissertation writing. If you have qualitative data, ensure that you have edited the quotes and examples to a reasonable length. Well, your findings chapter is sort of like a really lame movie script. One of the main issues that students tend to encounter when writing up their findings is the amount of data to include. the Appendix). If not, your findings chapter may end up a confusing and unorganised mess of random information. Substituting the findings dissertation and discussion known universe, from the mark. But having a good understanding of why you are proceeding with this strategy of analysis is going to be essential in a primarily quantitative study. When writing a dissertation or thesis, the results and discussion sections can be both the most interesting as well as the most challenging sections to write. Putting this all together cohesively within one chapter can be particularly challenging. For some, Microsoft Excel may be sufficient for basic analysis. They gradually build suspense, then surprise you with a dramatic plot twist just when you thought you'd sussed the story line. It is essential that you keep in mind the ‘describe, analyse, synthesise’ model. Now you need to consider how you might present these findings in the most logical way to the reader. Dissertation discussion is the chapter where you explore the relevance, significance and meanings of your findings - allowing you to showcase your talents in describing and analyzing the results of your study.. Marking a dissertation usually requires the marker to comment on the extent to which the research questions have been addressed. But many students often put too much information (especially duplicated information) into the analysis chapter. Based on this overview, I argued that these studies are By now, you should know what you are going to write about. A Complete Dissertation The Big Picture OVERVIEW Following is a road map that briefly outlines the contents of an entire dissertation. The majority of respondents namely 89,8% (N=106) were unemployed. This section should bring all your findings together and show how they correlate with your central questions and other chapters of your work. This way, they'll have a clear idea about what is still to come. Again, you've likely used a software program to run your statistical analysis, and you have an outline and subheadings where you can focus your findings. During your analysis of the data, you are likely to have run multiple different analyses from regressions to correlations. There is no correct or incorrect number of graphs that should exist within the section, but you should use your judgement about what looks appropriate. Finding this balance can be challenging. This way, the reader will understand the context and circumstances around what you are trying to ‘prove’. 40-42. If you chose to structure your findings by theme, it might make sense to continue this into the analysis chapter. By the time you're ready to write up your findings, we assume that you've already completed the analysis of your findings. You could also explain how they relate to the research question. You probably love watching films that keep you on your toes. Remember that both of these chapters are meant to inform. In approaching the outline, it is in your best interest to focus on two key points. You can put in a place holder until you know how your sections will be numbered. Depending on your preference for writing, the findings and discussion sections can be the most rewarding sections of your total dissertation. The Ultimate Guide to Writing a Dissertation, How to embrace university as a mature student. dissertation tourism hospitality management That same emotion is the amount of money that would ensure comparability of academic disciplines, including developmental psychologists, has been formulated before and after schering plough knew each individual to face instruction example dissertation findings discussion. In the discussion of your findings you have an opportunity to develop the story you found in the data, making connections between the results of your analysis and existing theory and research. Discussion section: The discussion section in the dissertation includes the interpretation of the research results. They commonly document the mean, median, and mode for all of their results. In the discussion section of the dissertation, you need to relate your research outcomes with the literature review. In this case, highlighting these themes in your findings chapter may be the most appropriate way to proceed. Granted that at some point in the discussion you are going to have to link back to this previous research. When presenting graphs, use a colour scheme that's appropriate for the reader when printing in black and white. A findings chapter that is long and confusing is going to put the reader off reading the rest of your work. But you need to pull examples from both of these sections in order to make the points that you need to. Make sure you can justify why you chose one particular test over another. Could our dissertation writing service help you? So avoid this at all times. interviews and observations), you are going to want to ensure that you are using both examples within each section (if possible).

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